<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markelius, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sjöberg, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lemhaouri, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohen, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lowe, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cañamero, L.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdulaziz Al Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nader Meskin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanyue Jiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuzhi Sam Ge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John-John Cabibihan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Rossi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hongsheng He</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Human-Robot Mutual Learning System with Affect-Grounded Language Acquisition and Differential Outcomes Training</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Robotics. 15th International Conference, ICSR 2023, Proceedings Part II</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8718-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doha, Qatar, December 3–7, 2023</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LNAI 14454</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108–122</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-981-99-8717-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stavros Anagnou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards an Affective Model of Norm Emergence and Adaptation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TSAR 2021: RO-MAN 2021 Workshop on Robot Behavior Adaptation to Human Social Norms</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tsar2021.ai.vub.ac.be/uploads/papers/TSAR_2021_paper_10.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://tsar2021.ai.vub.ac.be/uploads/papers/TSAR_2021_paper_10.pdf&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt; (Open Access)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewis, Matthew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oleari, Elettra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pozzi, Clara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapus, Adriana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André, Elisabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Jean-Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferland, François</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ammi, Mehdi</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Embodied AI Approach to Individual Differences: Supporting Self-Efficacy in Diabetic Children with an Autonomous Robot</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 7th International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR-2015)</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-25554-5_40</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer International Publishing</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401–410</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-319-25553-8</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we discuss how a motivationally autonomous robot, designed using the principles of embodied AI, provides a suitable approach to address individual differences of children interacting with a robot, without having to explicitly modify the system. We do this in the context of two pilot studies using Robin, a robot to support self-confidence in diabetic children.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-25554-5_40&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt; (or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.emotion-modeling.info/sites/default/files/2015_Lewis_Canamero_ICSR.pdf&quot;&gt;Download authors' draft&lt;/a&gt;)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kruijff-Korbayová, Ivana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oleari, Elettra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pozzi, Clara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sacchitelli, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bagherzadhalimi, Anahita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellini, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiefer, Bernd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racioppa, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coninx, Alexandre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul E. Baxter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bierman, Bert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henkemans, Olivier Blanson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark A. Neerincx</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosemarijn Looije</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yiannis Demiris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espinoza, Raquel Ros</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mosconi, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cosi, Piero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remi Humbert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hichem Sahli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joachim de Greeff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Kennedy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robin Read</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewis, Matthew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antoine Hiolle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giulio Paci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sommavilla, Giacomo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tesser, Fabio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athanasopoulos, Georgios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patsis, Georgios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verhelst, Werner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberto Sanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tony Belpaeme</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Let’s Be Friends: Perception of a Social Robotic Companion for children with T1DM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. New Friends 2015</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://mheerink.home.xs4all.nl/pdf/ProceedingsNF2015-3.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almere, The Netherlands</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32–33</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We describe the social characteristics of a robot developed to support children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in the process of education and care. We evaluated the perception of the robot at a summer camp where diabetic children aged 10-14 experienced the robot in group interactions. Children in the intervention condition additionally interacted with it also individually, in one-to-one sessions featuring several game-like activities. These children perceived the robot significantly more as a friend than those in the control group. They also readily engaged with it in dialogues about their habits related to healthy lifestyle as well as personal experiences concerning diabetes. This indicates that the one-on-one interactions added a special quality to the relationship of the children with the robot.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://mheerink.home.xs4all.nl/pdf/ProceedingsNF2015-3.pdf&quot;&gt;Download full proceedings&lt;/a&gt; (PDF)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angel Fernandez, Julian M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonarini, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapus, Adriana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André, Elisabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Jean-Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferland, François</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ammi, Mehdi</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Reactive Competitive Emotion Selection System</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 7th International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR-2015)</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emotion production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emotional models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human Robot Interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social robotics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-25554-5_4</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer International Publishing</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31–40</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-319-25553-8</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a reactive emotion selection system designed to be used in a robot that needs to respond autonomously to relevant events. A variety of emotion selection models based on &quot;cognitive appraisal&quot; theories exist, but the complexity of the concepts used by most of these models limits their use in robotics. Robots have physical constrains that condition their understanding of the world and limit their capacity to built the complex concepts needed for such models. The system presented in this paper was conceived to respond to &quot;disturbances&quot; detected in the environment through a stream of images, and use this low-level information to update emotion intensities. They are increased when specific patterns, based on Tomkins’ affect theory, are detected or reduced when it is not. This system could also be used as part of (or as first step in the incremental design of) a more cognitively complex emotional system for autonomous robots.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-25554-5_4&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Weiyi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athanasopoulos, Georgios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yilmazyildiz, Selma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patsis, Georgios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentin Enescu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hichem Sahli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verhelst, Werner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antoine Hiolle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewis, Matthew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Emotion Elicitation for Emotion Modeling in Child-Robot Interactions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 4th Workshop on Child Computer Interaction (WOCCI 2014)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/wocci_2014/wc14_051.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICSA</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singapore</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51–56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obtaining spontaneous emotional expressions is the very first and vital step in affective computing studies, for both psychologists and computer scientists. However, it is quite challenging to record them in real life, especially when certain modalities are required (e.g.  3D representation of the body).  Traditional elicitation and capturing protocols either introduce the awareness of the recording, which may impair the naturalness of the behaviors, or cause too much information loss.  In this paper, we  present  natural  emotion  elicitation  and  recording  experiments, which were set in child-robot interaction scenarios. Several state-of-the-art technologies were employed to acquire the multi-modal expressive data that will be further used for emotion modeling and recognition studies. The obtained recordings exhibit the expected emotional expressions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/wocci_2014/wc14_051.html&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt; (Open Access)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sue Attwood</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">René te Boekhorst</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pietro Liò</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orazio Miglino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giuseppe Nicosia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefano Nolfi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mario Pavone</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SimianWorld – A Study of Social Organisation Using an Artificial Life Model</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Artificial Life, ECAL 2013</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/978-0-262-31709-2-ch090</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIT Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taormina, Italy</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">633–640</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780262317092</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In studies of social behaviour it is commonly assumed that individual complexity is the origin of intricate social interactions. In primates for example, social complexity is attributed to their intelligence and it is argued by many that the cognitive capacity of primates are especially manifest in the way they regulate their social relationships. Whereas the complex societies of non-human primates are considered to be as a direct result of their cognitive abilities this assumption is not made about social insects. In the absence of certain cognitive abilities their complex societies and structurally sophisticated nests are thought to arise from self-organisation. Since it is unlikely that cognitive capacities are all-or-nothing, usually integrating a range of mechanisms, it is possible that different species use similar cognitive mechanisms resulting in different behavioural outcomes.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/978-0-262-31709-2-ch090&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt; (Open Access)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tony Belpaeme</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul E. Baxter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robin Read</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rachel Wood</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuayáhuitl, Heriberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiefer, Bernd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racioppa, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kruijff-Korbayová, Ivana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athanasopoulos, Georgios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentin Enescu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosemarijn Looije</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark A. Neerincx</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yiannis Demiris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raquel Ros-Espinoza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aryel Beck</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewis, Matthew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baroni, Ilaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nalin, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cosi, Piero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giulio Paci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tesser, Fabio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sommavilla, Giacomo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remi Humbert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multimodal Child-Robot Interaction: Building Social Bonds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Human-Robot Interaction</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3109688.3109691</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33–53</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For robots to interact effectively with human users they must be capable of coordinated, timely behavior in response to social context. The Adaptive Strategies for Sustainable Long-Term Social Interaction (ALIZ-E) project focuses on the design of long-term, adaptive social interaction between robots and child users in real-world settings. In this paper, we report on the iterative approach taken to scientific and technical developments toward this goal: advancing individual technical competencies and integrating them to form an autonomous robotic system for evaluation “in the wild.” The first evaluation iterations have shown the potential of this methodology in terms of adaptation of the robot to the interactant and the resulting influences on engagement. This sets the foundation for an ongoing research program that seeks to develop technologies for social robot companions.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3109688.3109691&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt; (Open Access)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oros, Nicolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution of Bistable Dynamics in Spiking Neural Controllers for Agents Performing Olfactory Attraction and Aversion</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 19th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2010)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2202-11-S1-P92</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BioMed Central Ltd.</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Antonio, TX</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11(Suppl 1)</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antoine Hiolle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peirre Andry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnaud J Blanchard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippe Gaussier</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuzhi Sam Ge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haizhou Li</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John-John Cabibihan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeow Kee Tan</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using the Interaction Rhythm as a Natural Reinforcement Signal for Social Robots: A Matter of Belief</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2010</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singapore</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6414</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81–89</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-642-17247-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we present the results of a pilot study of a human robot interaction experiment where the rhythm of the interaction is used as a reinforcement signal to learn sensorimotor associations. The algorithm uses breaks and variations in the rhythm at which the human is producing actions. The concept is based on the hypothesis that a constant rhythm is an intrinsic property of a positive interaction whereas a break reflects a negative event. Subjects from various backgrounds interacted with a NAO robot where they had to teach the robot to mirror their actions by learning the correct sensorimotor associations. The results show that in order for the rhythm to be a useful reinforcement signal, the subjects have to be convinced that the robot is an agent with which they can act naturally, using their voice and facial expressions as cues to help it understand the correct behaviour to learn. When the subjects do behave naturally, the rhythm and its variations truly reflects how well the interaction is going and helps the robot learn efficiently. These results mean that non-expert users can interact naturally and fruitfully with an autonomous robot if the interaction is believed to be natural, without any technical knowledge of the cognitive capacities of the robot.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oros, Nicolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution of Bilateral Symmetry in Agents Controlled by Spiking Neural Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 2009 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (ALIFE 2009)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4937702/</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nashville, TN</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116–123</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4244-2763-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present in this paper three novel developmental models allowing information to be encoded in space and time, using spiking neurons placed on a 2D substrate. In two of these models, we introduce neural development that can use bilateral symmetry. We show that these models can create neural controllers for agents evolved to perform chemotaxis. Neural bilateral symmetry can be evolved and be beneficial for an agent. This work is the first, as far as we know, to present developmental models where spiking neurons are generated in space and where bilateral symmetry can be evolved and proved to be beneficial in this context.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John C Murray</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A. Bard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross, Marina Davila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorsteinsson, Kate</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Jong-Hwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ge, Shuzhi Sam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vadakkepat, Prahlad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesse, Norbert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Al Manum, Abdullah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puthusserypady K, Sadasivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rückert, Ulrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sitte, Joaquin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Witkowski, Ulf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nakatsu, Ryohei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Braunl, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baltes, Jacky</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wong, Ching-Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verner, Igor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahlgren, David</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Influence of Social Interaction on the Perception of Emotional Expression: A Case Study with a Robot Head</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Robotics: Proc. FIRA RoboWorld Congress 2009</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-03983-6_10</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incheon, Korea</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5744</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63–72</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-642-03983-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we focus primarily on the influence that socio-emotional interaction has on the perception of emotional expression by a robot. We also investigate and discuss the importance of emotion expression in socially interactive situations involving human robot interaction (HRI), and show the importance of utilising emotion expression when dealing with interactive robots, that are to learn and develop in socially situated environments. We discuss early expressional development and the function of emotion in communication in humans and how this can improve HRI communications. Finally we provide experimental results showing how emotion-rich interaction via emotion expression can affect the HRI process by providing additional information.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Bowes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of lateral inhibition in the sensory processing in a simulated spiking neural controller for a robot</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 2009 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (ALIFE 2009)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4937710/</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nashville, TN</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179–183</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4244-2763-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visual adaptation is the process that allows animals to be able to see over a wide range of light levels. This is achieved partially by lateral inhibition in the retina which compensates for low/high light levels. Neural controllers which cause robots to turn away from or towards light tend to work in a limited range of light conditions. In real environments, the light conditions can vary greatly reducing the effectiveness of the robot. Our solution for a simple Braitenberg vehicle is to add a single inhibitory neuron which laterally inhibits the output to the robot motors. This solution has additionally reduced the computational complexity of our simple neuron allowing for a greater number of neurons to be simulated with a fixed set of resources.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Bowes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pierre-Yves Oudeyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christian Balkenius</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Should I worry about my stressed pregnant robot?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 9th International Conference on Epigenetic Robotics: Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems (EpiRob 2009)</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lund University Cognitive Studies</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.lucs.lu.se/LUCS/146/epirob09.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lund University</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venice, Italy</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">203–204</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-91-977-380-7-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oros, Nicolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asada, Minoru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hallam, John C T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Arcady Meyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tani, Jun</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptive Olfactory Encoding in Agents Controlled by Spiking Neural Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Animals to Animats 10: Proc. 10th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (SAB 2008)</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-69134-1_15</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osaka, Japan</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> 5040</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">148–158</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-540-69134-1</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We created a neural architecture that can use two different types of information encoding strategies depending on the environment. The goal of this research was to create a simulated agent that could react to two different overlapping chemicals having varying concentrations. The neural network controls the agent by encoding its sensory information as temporal coincidences in a low concentration environment, and as firing rates at high concentration. With such an architecture, we could study synchronization of firing in a simple manner and see its effect on the agent’s behaviour.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aylett, Ruth</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animating Affective Robots for Social Interaction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animating Expressive Characters for Social Interaction</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Consciousness Research</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Benjamins Publishing Co.</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103–121</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-90-272-5210-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aylett, Ruth</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animating Expressive Characters for Social Interaction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Consciousness Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">74</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Benjamins Publishing Co.</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9789027289834</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oros, Nicolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seth Bullock</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jason Noble</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard A. Watson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark A Bedau</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimal Noise in Spiking Neural Networks for the Detection of Chemicals by Simulated Agents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Life XI: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://mitpress-request.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/alife/0262287196chap58.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIT Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winchester, UK</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">443–449</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-0-262-75017-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We created a spiking neural controller for an agent that could use two different types of information encoding strategies depending on the level of chemical concentration present in the environment. The first goal of this research was to create a simulated agent that could react and stay within a region where there were two different overlapping chemicals having uniform concentrations. The agent was controlled by a spiking neural network that encoded sensory information using temporal coincidence of incoming spikes when the level of chemical concentration was low, and as firing rates at high level of concentration. With this architecture, we could study synchronization of firing in a simple manner and see its effect on the agent’s behaviour. The next experiment we did was to use a more realistic model by having an environment composed of concentration gradients and by adding input current noise to all neurons. We used a realistic model of diffusive noise and showed that it could improve the agent’s behaviour if used within a certain range. Therefore, an agent with neuronal noise was better able to stay within the chemical concentration than an agent without.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oros, Nicolas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trappl, R</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimal Receptor Response Functions for the Detection of Pheromones by Agents Driven by Spiking Neural Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 9th European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research, Vol. II</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.cogsci.uci.edu/~noros/mypapers/OROS_2008_EMCSR.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vienna, Austria</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">427–432</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-85206-175-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The goal of the work presented here is to find a model of a spiking sensory neuron that could cope with small variations in the concentration of simulated chemicals and also the whole range of concentrations. By using a biologically plausible sigmoid function in our model to map chemical concentration to current, we could produce agents able to detect the whole range of concentration of chemicals (pheromones) present in the environment as well as small variations of them. The sensory neurons used in our model are able to encode the stimulus intensity into appropriate firing rates.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Bowes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick G Adams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volker Steuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madani, K</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptor Response and Soma Leakiness in a Simulated Spiking Neural Controller for a Robot</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 4th International Workshop on Artificial Neural Networks and Intelligent Information Processing (ANNIIP 2008)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/6832</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSTICC (Inst. Syst. Technologies Information Control and Communication)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Funchal, Madeira, Portugal</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100–106</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-989-8111-33-3</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper investigates different models of leakiness for the soma of a simulated spiking neural controller for a robot exhibiting negative photo-taxis. It also investigates two models of receptor response to stimulus levels. The results show that exponential decay of ions across the soma and of a receptor response function where intensity is proportional to intensity is the best combination for dark seeking behaviour.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parussel, Karla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Sá, Joaquim Marques</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexandre, Luís A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duch, Włodzisław</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mandic, Danilo</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biasing Neural Networks Towards Exploration or Exploitation Using Neuromodulation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 17th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2007), Part II</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LNCS</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-74695-9_91</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porto, Portugal</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4669</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">889–898</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-540-74695-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taking neuromodulation as a mechanism underlying emotions, this paper investigates how such a mechanism can bias an artificial neural network towards exploration of new courses of action, as seems to be the case in positive emotions, or exploitation of known possibilities, as in negative emotions such as predatory fear. We use neural networks of spiking leaky integrate-and-fire neurons acting as minimal disturbance systems, and test them with continuous actions. The networks have to balance the activations of all their output neurons concurrently. We have found that having the middle layer modulate the output layer helps balance the activations of the output neurons. A second discovery is that when the network is modulated in this way, it performs better at tasks requiring the exploitation of actions that are found to be rewarding. This is complementary to previous findings where having the input layer modulate the middle layer biases the network towards exploration of alternative actions. We conclude that a network can be biased towards either exploration of exploitation depending on which layers are being modulated.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ana C R Paiva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rui Prada</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosalind W Picard</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Bottom-Up Investigation of Emotional Modulation in Competitive Scenarios</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Second International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII 2007)</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisbon, Portugal</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4738</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">398–409</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-540-74888-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we take an incremental, bottom-up approach to investigate plausible mechanisms underlying emotional modulation of behavior selection and their adaptive value in autonomous robots. We focus in particular on achieving adaptive behavior selection in competitive robotic scenarios through modulation of perception, drawing on the notion of biological hormones. We discuss results from testing our architectures in two different competitive robotic scenarios.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hormonal Modulation of Perception in Motivation-Based Action Selection Architectures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Symposium on Agents that Want and Like: Motivational and Emotional Roots of Cognition and Action (SSAISB'05)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.aisb.org.uk/publications/proceedings/aisb2005/2_Agents_Final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AISB</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9–16</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-902956-41-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The animat approach to artificial intelligence proposes biologically-inspired control mechanisms for autonomous robots. One of the related subproblems is action selection or what to do next . Many action selection architectures have been proposed. Motivation-based architectures implement a combination between internal and external stimuli to choose the appropriate behavior. Recent studies have pointed out that a second order mechanism to control motivation-based architectures would improve--dramatically their performance. Drawing on the notion of biological hormones we have modeled two of the functionalities ascribed to them in order to improve the adaptivity of motivation-based architectures. We have tested our hormone-like mechanisms in dynamic and unpredictable robotic scenarios. We analyze the results in terms of interesting behavioral phenomena that emerge from the interaction of these artificial hormones with the rest of architectural elements.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Ulises</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annicchiarico, Roberta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campana, Fabio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vázquez-Salceda, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urdiales, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maite López</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miquel Sànchez-Marrè</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Vincenzo, Sarah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlo Caltagirone</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intelligenza artificiale in medicina: progetto di una piattaforma mobile inserita in un ambiente intelligente per l'assistenza ai disabili e agli anziani</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recenti Progressi in Medicina</style></secondary-title><translated-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial intelligence in medicine: project of a mobile platform in an intelligent environment for the care of disabled and elderly people</style></translated-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pensiero scientifico</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">190–195</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viene presentato un progetto basato sull'integrazione di nuove tecnologie e di Intelligenza artificiale per sviluppare uno strumento – e-tool – indirizzato alle persone disabili ed agli anziani. Una piattaforma mobile inserita all'interno di ambienti intelligenti (strutture di assistenza o abitazioni), controllata e gestita attraverso un'architettura multilivello, viene proposta come supporto sia per i pazienti che per i caregiver al fine di aumentare l'autonomia nella vita quotidiana.

A project based on the integration of new technologies and artificial intelligence to develop a device – e-tool – for disabled patients and elderly people is presented. A mobile platform in intelligent environments (skilled-care facilities and home-care), controlled and managed by a multi-level architecture, is proposed to support patients and caregivers to increase self-dependency in activities of daily living.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefan Schaal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auke Jan Ijspeert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aude Billard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sethu Vijayakumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Hallam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Arcady Meyer</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using Hormonal Feedback to Modulate Action Selection in a Competitive Scenario</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Animals to Animats 8: Proc. 8th Intl. Conf. on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (SAB'04)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Orlando_Avila-Garcia/publication/228958663_Using_Hormonal_Feedback_to_Modulate_Action_Selection_in_a_Competitive_Scenario/links/0deec533c8411ebe0c000000.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIT Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Los Angeles, USA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243–252</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780262693417</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we investigate the use of hormonal feedback as a mechanism to modulate a &quot;motivation-based,&quot; homeostatic action selection mechanism (ASM) in a robot. We have framed our study in the context of a dynamic, multirobot, competitive &quot;two-resource&quot; action selection problem. The introduction of competitors has important consequences for action selection. We first show how the interaction between robots introduces new forms of environmental complexity that affect their viability. Secondly, we propose a &quot;hormone-like&quot; mechanism that, modulating the input of the ASM, tackles these new sources of complexity.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">René te Boekhorst</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banzhaf, Wolfgang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christaller, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dittrich, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Jan T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziegler, Jens</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analyzing the Performance of &quot;Winner-Take-All&quot; and &quot;Voting-Based&quot; Action Selection Policies within the Two-Resource Problem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Artificial Life: 7th European Conference, ECAL 2003</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-39432-7_79</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dortmund, Germany</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2801</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">733–742</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-540-20057-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The problem of action selection for an autonomous creature implies resolving conflicts between competing behavioral alternatives. These conflicts can be resolved either via competition, following a “winner-take-all” approach, or via cooperation in a “voting-based” approach. In this paper we present two robotic architectures implementing these approaches, and report on experiments we have performed to compare their underlying optimization policies. We have framed this study within the context of the “two-resource problem,” as it provides a widely used standard that favors systematic experimentation, analysis, and comparison of results.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;a href=&quot;https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-39432-7_79&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Ulises</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annicchiarico, Roberta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vázquez-Salceda, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urdiales, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maite López</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miquel Sànchez-Marrè</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlo Caltagirone</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assistive technologies for the disabled and for the new generation of senior citizens: The e-Tools architecture</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI Communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://content.iospress.com/articles/ai-communications/aic288</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IOS Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amsterdam, The Netherlands</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">193–207</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we present our exploratory ideas about the integration of agent technology with other technologies to build specific e-tools for the disabled and for the new generation of senior citizens. &quot;e-Tools&quot; stands for Embedded Tools, as we aim to embed intelligent assistive devices in homes and other facilities, creating ambient intelligence environments to give support to patients and caregivers. In particular, we aim to explore the benefits of the concept of situated intelligence to build artefacts that will enhance the autonomy of the target user group in their daily life.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortés, Ulises</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annicchiarico, Roberta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vázquez-Salceda, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urdiales, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maite López</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miquel Sànchez-Marrè</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlo Caltagirone</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Rudomín</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Vázquez-Salceda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J L Díaz de León Santiago</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-Tools: The use of Assistive Technologies to enhance disabled and senior citizens’ autonomy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-Health: Application of Computing Science in Medicine and Health Care</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Instituto Politécnico National Press</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119–132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we present our preliminary ideas about the integration of several technologies to build specific e-tools for the disabled and for the new generation of senior citizens. ‘e-Tools’ stands for Embedded Tools, as we aim to embed intelligent assistive devices in homes and other facilities, creating ambient intelligence environments to give support to patients and caregivers. In particular, we aim to explore the benefits of the concept of situated intelligence to build intelligent artefacts that will enhance the autonomy of the target group during their daily life. We present here a multi-level architecture and our preliminary research on navigation schemes for a robotic wheelchair.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">René te Boekhorst</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey, Neil</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">U Nehmzow</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C Melhuish</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimization Criteria Underlying &quot;Winner-Take-All&quot; and &quot;Voting-Based&quot; Action Selection Policies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards Intelligent Mobile Robots, TIMR'03: 4th British Conference on Mobile Robotics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of the West of England, Bristol</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garijo, Francisco J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riquelme, José C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toro, Miguel</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparing a Voting-Based Policy with Winner-Takes-All to Perform Action Selection in Motivational Agents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Artificial Intelligence – IBERAMIA 2002; Proc. 8th Ibero-American Conference on AI</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seville, Spain</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2527</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">855–864</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-540-00131-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Embodied autonomous agents are systems that inhabit dynamic, unpredictable environments in which they try to satisfy a set of time-dependent goals or motivations in order to survive. One of the problems that this implies is action selection, the task of resolving conflicts between competing behavioral alternatives. We present an experimental comparison of two action selection mechanisms (ASM), implementing &quot;winner-takes-all&quot; (WTA) and &quot;voting-based&quot; (VB) policies respectively, modeled using a motivational behavior-based approach. This research shows the adequacy of these two ASM with respect to different sources of environmental complexity and the tendency of each of them to show different behavioral phenomena.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Comparison of Behavior Selection Architectures Using Viability Indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. EPSRC/BBSRC International Workshop Biologically-Inspired Robotics: The Legacy of W. Grey Walter</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HP Labs Bristol, UK</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86–93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hafner, Elena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First Experiments Relating Behavior Selection Architectures to Environmental Complexity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. 2002 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2002)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lausanne, Switzerland</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3024–3029</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the performance of behavior selection architectures for autonomous robots is a complex task that depends on many factors. This paper reports a study comparing four motivated behavior-based architectures in different worlds with varying degrees and types of complexity, and analyzes performance results (in terms of viability, life span, and global life quality) relating architectural features to environmental complexity.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nehaniv, Chrystopher L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniel Polani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerstin Dautenhahn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">René te Boekhorst</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Russell Standish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark A Bedau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hussein A Abbass</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meaningful Information, Sensor Evolution, and the Temporal Horizon of Embodied Organisms</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Life VIII: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Artificial Life</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIT Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sydney, Australia</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">345–349</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780262692816</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We survey and outline how an agent-centered, information-theoretic approach to meaningful information extending classical Shannon information theory by means of utility measures relevant for the goals of particular agents can be applied to sensor evolution for real and constructed organisms. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship of this approach to the programme of freeing artificial life and robotic systems from reactivity, by describing useful types of information with broader temporal horizon, for signaling, communication, affective grounding, two-process learning, individual learning, imitation and social learning, and episodic experiential information (memories, narrative, and culturally transmitted information).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aylett, Ruth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the AISB'02 Symposium Animating Expressive Characters for Social Interactions</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.aisb.org.uk/publications/proceedings/aisb2002/AISB02_ExpressiveCharacters.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AISB</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imperial College, London, UK</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avila-García, Orlando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hafner, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lola Cañamero</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bridget Hallam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dario Floreano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Hallam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillian M Hayes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Arcady Meyer</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relating Behavior Selection Architectures to Environmental Complexity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From Animals to Animats: Proc. 7th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIT Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edinburgh, Scotland</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127–128</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780-262-58217-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josep Lluís Arcos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramon López de Mántaras</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Althoff, Klaus-Dieter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergmann, Ralph</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">L Karl Branting</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Affect-Driven CBR to Generate Expressive Music</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Third International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR'99</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1650</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1–13</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-540-66237-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present an extension of an existing system, called SaxEx, capable of generating expressive musical performances based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) techniques. The previous version of SaxEx did not take into account the possibility of using affective labels to guide the CBR task. This paper discusses the introduction of such affective knowledge to improve the retrieval capabilities of the system. Three affective dimensions are considered—tender-aggressive, sad-joyful, and calm-restless that allow the user to declaratively instruct the system to perform according to any combination of five qualitative values along these three dimensions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josep Lluís Arcos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramon López de Mántaras</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imitating Human Performances to Automatically Generate Expressive Jazz Ballads</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. AISB'99 Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AISB</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edinburgh, Scotland</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115–20</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One of the main problems with the automatic generation of expressive musical performances is to grasp the way in which human performers use musical knowledge that is not explicitly noted in musical scores. Moreover, this knowledge is tacit, difficult to verbalize, and therefore it must be acquired through a process of observation, imitation, and experimentation. For this reason, AI approaches based on declarative knowledge representations have serious limitations. An alternative approach is that of directly using the implicit knowledge that is in examples from recordings of human performances. In this paper, we describe a case-based reasoning system that generates expressive musical performances imitating examples of expressive human performances.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josep Lluís Arcos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D Cañamero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramon López de Mántaras</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Affect-Driven Generation of Expressive Musical Performances</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emotional and Intelligent: The Tangled Knot of Cognition. Papers from the 1998 AAAI Fall Symposium</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AAAI Press</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1–6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>