@inproceedings {2024, title = {A Human-Robot Mutual Learning System with Affect-Grounded Language Acquisition and Differential Outcomes Training}, booktitle = {Social Robotics. 15th International Conference, ICSR 2023, Proceedings Part II}, volume = {LNAI 14454}, year = {2024}, pages = {108{\textendash}122}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Doha, Qatar, December 3{\textendash}7, 2023}, isbn = {978-981-99-8717-7}, issn = {0302-9743}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-99-8718-4}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8718-4}, author = {Markelius, A. and Sj{\"o}berg, S. and Lemhaouri, Z. and Cohen, L. and Lowe, R. and Ca{\~n}amero, L.}, editor = {Abdulaziz Al Ali and Nader Meskin and Wanyue Jiang and Shuzhi Sam Ge and John-John Cabibihan and Silvia Rossi and Hongsheng He} } @inproceedings {2023, title = {The effects of stress and predation on pain perception in robots}, booktitle = {Proc. 11th International Conference on Affective Computing \& Intelligent Interaction (ACII 2023)}, year = {2023}, month = {forthcoming}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Explore}, organization = {IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Explore}, address = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA, September 10{\textendash}13, 2023}, author = {L{\textquoteright}Haridon, L. and Ca{\~n}amero, L.} } @inproceedings {2022, title = {The Role of the Caregiver{\textquoteright}s Responsiveness in Affect-Grounded Language Learning by a Robot: Architecture and First Experiments}, booktitle = {Proc. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL), 12-15 September 2022}, year = {2022}, month = {12/2022}, pages = {349{\textendash}354}, publisher = {IEEE Explorer}, organization = {IEEE Explorer}, address = {Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom}, doi = {10.1109/ICDL53763.2022.9962197}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL53763.2022.9962197}, author = {Lemhaouri, Z and Cohen, L. and Ca{\~n}amero, L} } @inproceedings {2021, title = {Affect-grounded Language Learning in a Robot}, booktitle = {FEEL-COG: The Role of Affect in the Development of Cognition, ICDL 2021 Workshop}, year = {2021}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, month = {08/2021}, url = {https://whisperproject.eu/workshop-feel-cog}, author = {Zakaria Lemhaouri and Laura Cohen and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2020, title = {Does Expression of Grounded Affect in a Hexapod Robot Elicit More Prosocial Responses?}, booktitle = {UKRAS20 Conference: "Robots into the real world" Proceedings}, year = {2020}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, month = {04/2020}, pages = {40{\textendash}42}, address = {Lincoln, UK}, abstract = {We consider how non-humanoid robots can communicate their affective state via bodily forms of communication, and the extent to which this can influence human response. We propose a simple model of grounded affect and kinesic expression and outline two experiments (N=9 and N=180) in which participants were asked to watch expressive and non-expressive hexapod robots perform different {\textquoteleft}scenes{\textquoteright}. Our preliminary findings suggest the expressive robot stimulated greater desire for interaction, and was more likely to be attributed with emotion. It also elicited more desire for prosocial behaviour.}, doi = {10.31256/Hz3Ww4T}, url = {https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/22817/UKRAS20_paper_09.pdf}, author = {Hickton, Luke and Lewis, Matthew and Kheng Lee Koay and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {9998, title = {Expression of Grounded Affect: How Much Emotion Can Arousal Convey?}, booktitle = {Proc. 21st Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems Conference (TAROS2020)}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {12228}, year = {2020}, note = {Download (the complete proceedings are available from the link on this page)}, month = {09/2020}, pages = {234{\textendash}248}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Nottingham, UK}, abstract = {In this paper we consider how non-humanoid robots can communicate their affective state via bodily forms of communication (kinesics), and the extent to which this influences how humans respond to them. We propose a simple model of grounded affect and kinesic expression before presenting the qualitative findings of an exploratory study (N=9), during which participants were interviewed after watching expressive and non-expressive hexapod robots perform different {\textquoteleft}scenes{\textquoteright}. A summary of these interviews is presented and a number of emerging themes are identified and discussed. Whilst our findings suggest that the expressive robot did not evoke significantly greater empathy or altruistic intent in humans than the control robot, the expressive robot stimulated greater desire for interaction and was also more likely to be attributed with emotion.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-63486-5_26}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-63486-5_26}, author = {Hickton, Luke and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Abdelkhilick Mohammad and Xin Dong and Matteo Russo} } @inproceedings {9998, title = {Modelling the Social Buffering Hypothesis in an Artificial Life Environment}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 2020 (ALIFE 2020)}, year = {2020}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, month = {07/2020}, pages = {393{\textendash}401}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {Montreal, Canada}, abstract = {In social species, individuals who form social bonds have been found to live longer, healthier lives. One hypothesised reason for this effect is that social support, mediated by oxytocin, "buffers" responses to stress in a number of ways, and is considered an important process of adaptation that facilitates long-term wellbeing in changing, stressful conditions. Using an artificial life model, we have investigated the role of one hypothesised stress-reducing effect of social support on the survival and social interactions of agents in a small society. We have investigated this effect using different types of social bonds and bond partner combinations across environmentally-challenging conditions. Our results have found that stress reduction through social support benefits the survival of agents with social bonds, and that this effect often extends to the wider society. We have also found that this effect is significantly affected by environmental and social contexts. Our findings suggest that these "social buffering" effects may not be universal, but dependent upon the degree of environmental challenges, the quality of affective relationships and the wider social context.}, doi = {10.1162/isal_a_00302}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/isal_a_00302}, author = {Imran Khan and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Josh Bongard and Juniper Lovato and Laurent Hebert-Dufr{\'e}sne and Radhakrishna Dasari and Lisa Soros} } @inproceedings {2019, title = {The Effects of Affective Social Bonds on the Interactions and Survival of Simulated Agents}, booktitle = {ACII2019 Workshop on Social Emotions, Theories and Models (SE-THEMO)}, year = {2019}, note = {Download (or Download accepted version)}, month = {09/2019}, pages = {374{\textendash}380}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, abstract = {The formation and maintenance of affective social bonds plays a key role in the well-being of social agents. Oxytocin has been correlated with social partner preference, and it is hypothesised to influence prosocial behaviours. In this paper, we investigate the effects of modulating the preference of affective social bond partners through oxytocin during decisions related to food-sharing and grooming, in a society of simulated agents with different dominance ranks. Our results show survival benefits for agents with affective social bonds across a number of groups with different bond combinations. We observe a number of emergent social behaviours and suggest that our results bear some similarity with behaviors observed in biological agents.}, doi = {10.1109/ACIIW.2019.8925031}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8925031}, author = {Imran Khan and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @article {2019, title = {A Robot Model of OC-Spectrum Disorders: Design Framework, Implementation and First Experiments}, journal = {Computational Psychiatry}, volume = {3}, year = {2019}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {40{\textendash}75}, publisher = {MIT Press}, abstract = {Computational psychiatry is increasingly establishing itself as valuable discipline for understanding human mental disorders. However, robot models and their potential for investigating embodied and contextual aspects of mental health have been, to date, largely unexplored. In this paper, we present an initial robot model of obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum disorders based on an embodied motivation-based control architecture for decision making in autonomous robots. The OC family of conditions is chiefly characterized by obsessions (recurrent, invasive thoughts) and/or compulsions (an urge to carry out certain repetitive or ritualized behaviors). The design of our robot model follows and illustrates a general design framework that we have proposed to ground research in robot models of mental disorders, and to link it with existing methodologies in psychiatry, and notably in the design of animal models. To test and validate our model, we present and discuss initial experiments, results, and quantitative and qualitative analysis regarding the compulsive and obsessive elements of OC-spectrum disorders. While this initial stage of development only models basic elements of such disorders, our results already shed light on aspects of the underlying theoretical model that are not obvious simply from consideration of the model.}, doi = {10.1162/cpsy_a_00025}, url = {https://cpsyjournal.org/article/10.1162/CPSY_a_00025/}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Naomi Fineberg and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2019, title = {A Robot Model of Stress-Induced Compulsive Behavior}, booktitle = {Proc. 8th International Conference on Affective Computing \& Intelligent Interaction (ACII 2019)}, year = {2019}, note = {Download (or Download accepted version)}, month = {09/2019}, pages = {559{\textendash}565}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Cambridge, United Kingdom}, abstract = {Stress is one of the potential mechanisms underlying compulsive behavior in obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. In this paper, we present a robot model and experiments investigating the interactions between internally- and externally-induced stress and compulsive behavior. Our results show properties of the model with potential implications for understanding how stress can result in the generation and maintenance of compulsive behaviors, and how response-prevention interventions can affect compulsive responses under different conditions.}, doi = {10.1109/ACII.2019.8925511}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8925511}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {9998, title = {Adaptation and the Social Salience Hypothesis of Oxytocin: Early Experiments in a Simulated Agent Environment}, booktitle = {Proc. 2nd Symposium on Social Interactions in Complex Intelligent Systems (SICIS)}, series = {Proc. 2018 Convention of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB 2018)}, year = {2018}, note = {Download full proceedings (PDF)}, month = {04/2018}, pages = {2{\textendash}9}, address = {Liverpool, UK}, abstract = {Allostasis is a mechanism that permits adaptation of an organism as a response to changing (physical or social) environmental conditions. Allostasis is driven by a number of factors, including regulation through hormonal mechanisms. Oxytocin (OT) is a hormone that has been found to play a role in regulating social behaviours and adaptation. However, the concrete effects that OT promotes remain unclear and controversial. One of these effects is on the attention paid to social cues (social salience). Two opposing hypotheses have been proposed. One hypothesis is that adaptation is achieved by increasing attention to social cues (increasing social salience), the other that adaptation is achieved by decreasing attention to social cues (decreasing social salience). In this paper, we present agent simulation experiments that test these two contrasting hypotheses under different environmental conditions related to food availability: a comfortable environment, a challenging environment, and a very challenging environment. Our results show that, for the particular conditions modelled, increased social salience through the release of simulated oxytocin presents significant advantages in the challenging conditions.}, url = {http://aisb2018.csc.liv.ac.uk/PROCEEDINGS\%20AISB2018/Social\%20Interactions\%20in\%20Complex\%20Intelligent\%20Systems\%20(SICIS)\%20-\%20AISB2018.pdf}, author = {Imran Khan and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @article {145, title = {A Hormone-Driven Epigenetic Mechanism for Adaptation in Autonomous Robots}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {445{\textendash}454}, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {Different epigenetic mechanisms provide biological organisms with the ability to adjust their physiology and/or morphology and adapt to a wide range of challenges posed by their environments. In particular, one type of epigenetic process, in which hormone concentrations are linked to the regulation of hormone receptors, has been shown to have implications for behavioral development. In this paper, taking inspiration from these biological processes, we investigate whether an epigenetic model based on the concept of hormonal regulation of receptors can provide a similarly robust and general adaptive mechanism for autonomous robots. We have implemented our model using a Koala robot, and tested it in a series of experiments in six different environments with varying challenges to negotiate. Our results, including the emergence of varied behaviors that permit the robot to exploit its current environment, demonstrate the potential of our epigenetic model as a general mechanism for adaptation in autonomous robots.}, issn = {2379-8920}, doi = {10.1109/TCDS.2017.2775620}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8115310/}, author = {Lones, John and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {9998, title = {Robin: An Autonomous Robot for Diabetic Children}, booktitle = {Proc. UK-RAS Conference: {\textquoteright}Robots Working For \& Among Us{\textquoteright}, 2017}, year = {2018}, note = {Winner: 1st Prize, Best Paper Download}, pages = {13{\textendash}15}, address = {Bristol, UK}, abstract = {We describe the cognitively and motivationally autonomous robot toddler Robin, designed as a tool to help children learn about diabetes management. The design of Robin follows an Embodied Artificial Intelligence approach to robotics, to create a robust social interaction agent, friendly but independent. We have used Robin in autonomous interactions with diabetic children in a scenario designed to give them mastery experiences of diabetes management in order to increase their self-efficacy.}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {9998, title = {Using Robots to Model Mental Disorders}, booktitle = {Proc. UK-RAS Conference: {\textquoteright}Robots Working For \& Among Us{\textquoteright}, 2017}, year = {2018}, note = {Download}, pages = {121{\textendash}123}, address = {Bristol, UK}, abstract = {We are currently at a point where the use of robots to model human mental disorders is possible, and this capability will only increase. By considering the lessons learned from animal models, we argue that robot models of human mental disorders can complement existing approaches in mental health research.}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2017, title = {A Flexible Component-Based Robot Control Architecture for Hormonal Modulation of Behaviour and Affect}, booktitle = {Proc. Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems 18th Annual Conference, TAROS 2017}, series = {LNCS}, volume = {10454}, year = {2017}, note = {Download}, month = {07/2017}, pages = {464{\textendash}474}, publisher = {Springer International}, organization = {Springer International}, address = {Guildford, UK}, abstract = {In this paper we present the foundations of an architecture that will support the wider context of our work, which is to explore the link between affect, perception and behaviour from an embodied perspective and assess their relevance to Human Robot Interaction (HRI). Our approach builds upon existing affect-based architectures by combining artificial hormones with discrete abstract components that are designed with the explicit consideration of influencing, and being receptive to, the wider affective state of the robot.}, isbn = {978-3-319-64106-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-64107-2_36}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-64107-2_36}, author = {Hickton, Luke and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Gao, Yang and Fallah, Saber and Jin, Yaochu and Lekakou, Constantina} } @inproceedings {9998, title = {Robot Models of Mental Disorders}, booktitle = {Proc. 7th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, Workshops and Demos (ACIIW 2017)}, year = {2017}, note = {Download (or Download authors{\textquoteright} draft)}, month = {10/2017}, pages = {193{\textendash}200}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {San Antonio, TX}, abstract = {Alongside technological tools to support wellbeing and treatment of mental disorders, models of these disorders can also be invaluable tools to understand, support and improve these conditions. Robots can provide ecologically valid models that take into account embodiment-, interaction-, and context-related elements. Focusing on Obsessive-Compulsive spectrum disorders, in this paper we discuss some of the potential contributions of robot models and relate them to other models used in psychology and psychiatry, particularly animal models. We also present some initial recommendations for their meaningful design and rigorous use.}, isbn = {978-1-5386-0680-3}, doi = {10.1109/ACIIW.2017.8272613}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8272613/}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @article {2016, title = {From Sensorimotor Experiences to Cognitive Development: Investigating the Influence of Experiential Diversity on the Development of an Epigenetic Robot}, journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, volume = {3}, year = {2016}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, month = {08/2016}, publisher = {Frontiers}, abstract = {Using an epigenetic model, in this paper we investigate the importance of sensorimotor experiences and environmental conditions in the emergence of more advanced cognitive abilities in an autonomous robot. We let the robot develop in three environments affording very different (physical and social) sensorimotor experiences: a "normal", standard environment, with reasonable opportunities for stimulation, a "novel" environment that offers many novel experiences, and a "sensory deprived" environment where the robot has very few and over-simplistic chances to interact. We then: (a) assess how these different experiences influence and change the robot{\textquoteright}s ongoing development and behavior; (b) compare the said development to the different sensorimotor stages that infants go through and (c) finally after each "baby" robot has had time to develop in its environment, we recreate and asses its cognitive abilities using different well-known tests used with human infants such as violation of expectation (VOE) paradigm. Although our model was not explicitly designed following Piaget{\textquoteright}s, or any other sensorimotor developmental theory, we observed, and discuss in the paper, that relevant sensorimotor experiences, or the lack of, result in the robot going through unplanned development "stages" bearing some similarities to infant development, and could be interpreted in terms of Piaget{\textquoteright}s theory.}, issn = {2296-9144}, doi = {10.3389/frobt.2016.00044}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frobt.2016.00044}, author = {Lones, John and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @article {2016, title = {Hedonic quality or reward? A study of basic pleasure in homeostasis and decision making of a motivated autonomous robot}, journal = {Adaptive Behavior}, volume = {24}, year = {2016}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {267{\textendash}291}, publisher = {SAGE}, abstract = {We present a robot architecture and experiments to investigate some of the roles that pleasure plays in the decision making (action selection) process of an autonomous robot that must survive in its environment. We have conducted three sets of experiments to assess the effect of different types of pleasure{\textemdash}related versus unrelated to the satisfaction of physiological needs{\textemdash}under different environmental circumstances. Our results indicate that pleasure, including pleasure unrelated to need satisfaction, has value for homeostatic management in terms of improved viability and increased flexibility in adaptive behavior.}, doi = {10.1177/1059712316666331}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1059712316666331}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @article {2016, title = {Making New "New AI" Friends: Designing a Social Robot for Diabetic Children from an Embodied AI Perspective}, journal = {International Journal of Social Robotics}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {523{\textendash}537}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {Robin is a cognitively and motivationally autonomous affective robot toddler with "robot diabetes" that we have developed to support perceived self-efficacy and emotional wellbeing in children with diabetes. Robin provides children with positive mastery experiences of diabetes management in a playful but realistic and natural interaction context. Underlying the design of Robin is an "Embodied" (formerly also known as "New") Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach to robotics. In this paper we discuss the rationale behind the design of Robin to meet the needs of our intended end users (both children and medical staff), and how "New AI" provides a suitable approach to developing a friendly companion that fulfills the therapeutic and affective requirements of our end users beyond other approaches commonly used in assistive robotics and child{\textendash}robot interaction. Finally, we discuss how our approach permitted our robot to interact with and provide suitable experiences of diabetes management to children with very different social interaction styles.}, issn = {1875-4805}, doi = {10.1007/s12369-016-0364-9}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs12369-016-0364-9}, author = {Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Lewis, Matthew} } @article {2016, title = {Towards Long-Term Social Child-Robot Interaction: Using Multi-Activity Switching to Engage Young Users}, journal = {Journal of Human-Robot Interaction}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {32{\textendash}67}, abstract = {Social robots have the potential to provide support in a number of practical domains, such as learning and behaviour change. This potential is particularly relevant for children, who have proven receptive to interactions with social robots. To reach learning and therapeutic goals, a number of issues need to be investigated, notably the design of an effective child-robot interaction (cHRI) to ensure the child remains engaged in the relationship and that educational goals are met. Typically, current cHRI research experiments focus on a single type of interaction activity (e.g. a game). However, these can suffer from a lack of adaptation to the child, or from an increasingly repetitive nature of the activity and interaction. In this paper, we motivate and propose a practicable solution to this issue: an adaptive robot able to switch between multiple activities within single interactions. We describe a system that embodies this idea, and present a case study in which diabetic children collaboratively learn with the robot about various aspects of managing their condition. We demonstrate the ability of our system to induce a varied interaction and show the potential of this approach both as an educational tool and as a research method for long-term cHRI.}, issn = {2163-0364}, doi = {10.5898/JHRI.5.1.Coninx}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5898/JHRI.5.1.Coninx}, author = {Coninx, Alexandre and Paul E. Baxter and Oleari, Elettra and Bellini, Sara and Bierman, Bert and Henkemans, Olivier Blanson and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Cosi, Piero and Valentin Enescu and Espinoza, Raquel Ros and Antoine Hiolle and Remi Humbert and Kiefer, Bernd and Kruijff-Korbayov{\'a}, Ivana and Looije, Rosmarijn and Mosconi, Marco and Mark A. Neerincx and Giulio Paci and Patsis, Georgios and Pozzi, Clara and Sacchitelli, Francesca and Hichem Sahli and Alberto Sanna and Sommavilla, Giacomo and Tesser, Fabio and Yiannis Demiris and Tony Belpaeme} } @inproceedings {3, title = {An Embodied AI Approach to Individual Differences: Supporting Self-Efficacy in Diabetic Children with an Autonomous Robot}, booktitle = {Proc. 7th International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR-2015)}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, year = {2015}, note = {Download (or Download authors{\textquoteright} draft)}, pages = {401{\textendash}410}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Paris}, abstract = {In this paper we discuss how a motivationally autonomous robot, designed using the principles of embodied AI, provides a suitable approach to address individual differences of children interacting with a robot, without having to explicitly modify the system. We do this in the context of two pilot studies using Robin, a robot to support self-confidence in diabetic children.}, isbn = {978-3-319-25553-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-25554-5_40}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007\%2F978-3-319-25554-5_40}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Oleari, Elettra and Pozzi, Clara and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Tapus, Adriana and Andr{\'e}, Elisabeth and Martin, Jean-Claude and Ferland, Fran{\c c}ois and Ammi, Mehdi} } @inproceedings {2015, title = {Let{\textquoteright}s Be Friends: Perception of a Social Robotic Companion for children with T1DM}, booktitle = {Proc. New Friends 2015}, year = {2015}, note = {Download full proceedings (PDF)}, month = {10/2015}, pages = {32{\textendash}33}, address = {Almere, The Netherlands}, abstract = {We describe the social characteristics of a robot developed to support children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in the process of education and care. We evaluated the perception of the robot at a summer camp where diabetic children aged 10-14 experienced the robot in group interactions. Children in the intervention condition additionally interacted with it also individually, in one-to-one sessions featuring several game-like activities. These children perceived the robot significantly more as a friend than those in the control group. They also readily engaged with it in dialogues about their habits related to healthy lifestyle as well as personal experiences concerning diabetes. This indicates that the one-on-one interactions added a special quality to the relationship of the children with the robot.}, url = {https://mheerink.home.xs4all.nl/pdf/ProceedingsNF2015-3.pdf}, author = {Kruijff-Korbayov{\'a}, Ivana and Oleari, Elettra and Pozzi, Clara and Sacchitelli, Francesca and Bagherzadhalimi, Anahita and Bellini, Sara and Kiefer, Bernd and Racioppa, Stefania and Coninx, Alexandre and Paul E. Baxter and Bierman, Bert and Henkemans, Olivier Blanson and Mark A. Neerincx and Rosemarijn Looije and Yiannis Demiris and Espinoza, Raquel Ros and Mosconi, Marco and Cosi, Piero and Remi Humbert and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Hichem Sahli and Joachim de Greeff and James Kennedy and Robin Read and Lewis, Matthew and Antoine Hiolle and Giulio Paci and Sommavilla, Giacomo and Tesser, Fabio and Athanasopoulos, Georgios and Patsis, Georgios and Verhelst, Werner and Alberto Sanna and Tony Belpaeme} } @inproceedings {4, title = {An Affective Autonomous Robot Toddler to Support the Development of Self-Efficacy in Diabetic Children}, booktitle = {Proc. 23rd Annual IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (IEEE RO-MAN 2014)}, year = {2014}, note = {Download (or Download authors{\textquoteright} draft)}, month = {08/2014}, pages = {359{\textendash}364}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Edinburgh}, abstract = {We present a software architecture and an interaction scenario for an autonomous robot toddler designed to support the development of self-efficacy in diabetic children, and discuss its potential medical benefits. We pay particular attention to the affective and social aspects of the interaction, as well as the importance of autonomy in the robot, examining their relationships to our scientific and therapeutic goals.}, isbn = {978-1-4799-6763-6}, doi = {10.1109/ROMAN.2014.6926279}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6926279/}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @article {2014, title = {Arousal Regulation and Affective Adaptation to Human Responsiveness by a Robot that Explores and Learns a Novel Environment}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurorobotics}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {17}, abstract = {In the context of our work in developmental robotics regarding robot-human caregiver interactions, in this paper we investigate how a "baby" robot that explores and learns novel environments can adapt its affective regulatory behavior of soliciting help from a "caregiver" to the preferences shown by the caregiver in terms of varying responsiveness. We build on two strands of previous work that assessed independently (a) the differences between two "idealized" robot profiles {\textendash} a "needy" and an "independent" robot {\textendash} in terms of their use of a caregiver as a means to regulate the "stress" (arousal) produced by the exploration and learning of a novel environment, and (b) the effects on the robot behaviors of two caregiving profiles varying in their responsiveness {\textendash} "responsive" and "non-responsive" {\textendash} to the regulatory requests of the robot. Going beyond previous work, in this paper we (a) assess the effects that the varying regulatory behavior of the two robot profiles has on the exploratory and learning patterns of the robots; (b) bring together the two strands previously investigated in isolation and take a step further by endowing the robot with the capability to adapt its regulatory behavior along the "needy" and "independent" axis as a function of the varying responsiveness of the caregiver; and (c) analyze the effects that the varying regulatory behavior has on the exploratory and learning patterns of the adaptive robot.}, issn = {1662-5218}, doi = {10.3389/fnbot.2014.00017}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbot.2014.00017}, author = {Antoine Hiolle and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2014, title = {Hormonal Modulation of Development and Behaviour Permits a Robot to Adapt to Novel Interactions}, booktitle = {Proc. 14th Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE 2014)}, year = {2014}, note = {Download}, pages = {184{\textendash}191}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {Hormones are known to play a critical role in modulating the behaviour and development of organisms when confronted with different environment challenges. In this paper we present a biologically plausible hormonal mechanism that allows an autonomous robot to interact appropriately with novel objects and interactions depending upon both its current internal state and its past experiences. In our experiments, robots that had been exposed to negative experiences during their initial developmental phase displayed withdrawn behaviour and were less likely to explore new objects and environments, or to engage with a human caregiver. In contrast, robots with a positive upbringing showed much greater levels of outgoing behaviour such as exploration and social interaction.}, isbn = {978-0-262-32621-6}, doi = {10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch031}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/978-0-262-32621-6-ch031}, author = {Lones, John and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2014, title = {Hormonal Modulation of Interaction Between Autonomous Agents}, booktitle = {Proc. 4th Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and on Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-Epirob 2014)}, year = {2014}, note = {Download}, month = {10/2014}, pages = {402{\textendash}407}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Genoa, Italy}, abstract = {Epigenetic like mechanism potentially have a critical role to play in the long term modulation of behaviour, interaction and adaptation. In this study we implement an model of these mechanism, the upward and downward regulation of hormone receptors located in a simply hormone driven autonomous agent. We frame this study in a multi agent setup using competition as a way to change the dynamics of the environment and the challenges the agents face. We found that this simply epigenetic mechanism has the potential to significantly alter the behaviour of the agents, allowing them to develop not only unique individual behaviour but also group like structures that permit them to better adapt to the different challenges that the environment presents.}, doi = {10.1109/DEVLRN.2014.6983015}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6983015/}, author = {Lones, John and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2014, title = {Modulating Perception with Pleasure for Action Selection}, booktitle = {Proc. 5th Annual International Conference on Biologically-Inspired Cognitive Architectures (BICA 2014)}, year = {2014}, note = {
}, month = {11/2014}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {Persistence and opportunism are two key features of cognitive action selection architectures. For an autonomous robot that has to satisfy multiple conflicting survival-related needs, it is crucial to persist in the execution of behaviors for long enough to get sufficient benefit. Persistence is important to avoid what is known as the "dithering" problem, which occurs when a robot keeps switching between trying to satisfy two needs without satisfying either of them enough to guarantee survival. Opportunism concerns the initiation of actions, and occurs when an agent chooses to consume a resource that might not satisfy its most pressing need, but which is available now and might not be available later. The degree to which a robot should show persistence and opportunism depends on multiple factors; we could generally say that persistence leads to a more "conservative" action selection behavior and opportunism to a more "risky" one.}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2014, title = {Natural Emotion Elicitation for Emotion Modeling in Child-Robot Interactions}, booktitle = {Proc. 4th Workshop on Child Computer Interaction (WOCCI 2014)}, year = {2014}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {51{\textendash}56}, publisher = {ICSA}, organization = {ICSA}, address = {Singapore}, abstract = {Obtaining spontaneous emotional expressions is the very first and vital step in affective computing studies, for both psychologists and computer scientists. However, it is quite challenging to record them in real life, especially when certain modalities are required (e.g. 3D representation of the body). Traditional elicitation and capturing protocols either introduce the awareness of the recording, which may impair the naturalness of the behaviors, or cause too much information loss. In this paper, we present natural emotion elicitation and recording experiments, which were set in child-robot interaction scenarios. Several state-of-the-art technologies were employed to acquire the multi-modal expressive data that will be further used for emotion modeling and recognition studies. The obtained recordings exhibit the expected emotional expressions.}, url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/wocci_2014/wc14_051.html}, author = {Wang, Weiyi and Athanasopoulos, Georgios and Yilmazyildiz, Selma and Patsis, Georgios and Valentin Enescu and Hichem Sahli and Verhelst, Werner and Antoine Hiolle and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2014, title = {Pleasure, Persistence and Opportunism in Action Selection}, booktitle = {Proc. 14th Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE 2014)}, year = {2014}, note = {Download}, pages = {932{\textendash}933}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {An autonomous robot must show appropriate levels of persistence and opportunism to survive. We address this problem by using a mechanism akin to pleasure that modulates exteroception as a function of need satisfaction, rather than based on internal deficits and external threats as in previous work. The different context in which the modulating hormone is released has important consequences on persistence and opportunism.}, isbn = {978-0-262-32621-6}, doi = {10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch151}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/978-0-262-32621-6-ch151}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Antoine Hiolle and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2014, title = {A Robot that Uses Arousal to Detect Learning Challenges and Seek Help}, booktitle = {Proc. 14th Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE 2014)}, year = {2014}, note = {Download}, pages = {864{\textendash}871}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {In the context of our work on dyadic robot-human (caregiver) interaction from a developmental robotics perspective, in this paper we investigate how an autonomous robot that explores and learns novel environments can make use of its arousal system to detect situations that constitute learning challenges, and request help from a human at points where this help is most needed and can be most beneficial. In a set of experiments, our robot learns to classify and recognize the perceptual properties of various objects placed on a table. We show that the arousal system of the robot permits it to identify and react to incongruent and novel features in the environment. More specifically, our results show that the robot identifies perceived outliers and episodic perceptual anomalies. As in the case of young infants, arousal variations trigger regulatory behaviours that engage caregivers in helping behaviors. We conclude that this attachment-based architecture provides a generic process that permits a robot to request interventions from a human caregiver during relevant events.}, isbn = {978-0-262-32621-6}, doi = {10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch142}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/978-0-262-32621-6-ch142}, author = {Antoine Hiolle and Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2013, title = {Are Discrete Emotions Useful in Human-Robot Interaction? Feedback from Motion Capture Analysis}, booktitle = {Proc. Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII 2013)}, year = {2013}, note = {Download (or Download authors{\textquoteright} draft)}, month = {09/2013}, pages = {97{\textendash}102}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, abstract = {We have conducted a study analyzing motion capture data of bodily expressions of human emotions towards the goal of building a social expressive robot that interacts with and supports hospitalized children. Although modeling emotional expression (and recognition) in (by) robots in terms of discrete categories presents advantages such as ease and clarity of interpretation, our results show that this approach also poses a number of problems. The main issues relate to the loss of subtle expressions and feelings, individual features, context, and social interaction elements that are present in real life.}, doi = {10.1109/ACII.2013.23}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6681414}, author = {Lewis, Matthew and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2013, title = {Epigenetic Adaptation in Action Selection Environments with Temporal Dynamics}, booktitle = {Advances in Artificial Life, ECAL 2013}, year = {2013}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {505{\textendash}512}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, abstract = {To operate in dynamic environments robots must be able to adapt their behaviour to meet the challenges that these pose while being constrained by their physical and computational limitation. In this paper we continue our study into using biologically inspired epigenetic adaptation through hormone modulation as a way to accommodate the needed flexibility in robots{\textquoteright} behaviour, focusing on problems of temporal dynamics. We have specifically framed our study in three variants of dynamic three-resource action selection environment. The challenges posed by these environments include: moving resources, temporal and increasing unavailability of resources, and cyclic changes in type and availability of resources related to cyclic environmental changes.}, doi = {10.7551/978-0-262-31709-2-ch073}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/978-0-262-31709-2-ch073}, author = {Lones, John and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Lewis, Matthew} } @inproceedings {2013, title = {Epigenetic Adaptation through Hormone Modulation in Autonomous Robots}, booktitle = {2013 IEEE 3rd Joint International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-Epirob 2013)}, year = {2013}, note = {Winner: Best Student Paper Download}, pages = {1{\textendash}6}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Osaka}, abstract = {Epigenetic adaptation provides biological organisms with the ability to adjust their physiology and/or morphology in order to meet some of the challenges posed by their environment. Recent research has suggested that this process may be controlled by hormones. In this paper, we present a model that allows an autonomous robot to develop its systems in accordance with the environment it is currently situated in. Experiments have been undertaken in multiple environments with different challenges and niches to negotiate. We have so far seen encouraging results and the emergence of unique behaviours tailored to exploiting its current environment.}, isbn = {9781479910366}, doi = {10.1109/DevLrn.2013.6652561}, author = {Lones, John and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2013, title = {SimianWorld {\textendash} A Study of Social Organisation Using an Artificial Life Model}, booktitle = {Advances in Artificial Life, ECAL 2013}, year = {2013}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {633{\textendash}640}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {Taormina, Italy}, abstract = {In studies of social behaviour it is commonly assumed that individual complexity is the origin of intricate social interactions. In primates for example, social complexity is attributed to their intelligence and it is argued by many that the cognitive capacity of primates are especially manifest in the way they regulate their social relationships. Whereas the complex societies of non-human primates are considered to be as a direct result of their cognitive abilities this assumption is not made about social insects. In the absence of certain cognitive abilities their complex societies and structurally sophisticated nests are thought to arise from self-organisation. Since it is unlikely that cognitive capacities are all-or-nothing, usually integrating a range of mechanisms, it is possible that different species use similar cognitive mechanisms resulting in different behavioural outcomes.}, isbn = {9780262317092}, doi = {10.7551/978-0-262-31709-2-ch090}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/978-0-262-31709-2-ch090}, author = {Sue Attwood and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Ren{\'e} te Boekhorst}, editor = {Pietro Li{\`o} and Orazio Miglino and Giuseppe Nicosia and Stefano Nolfi and Mario Pavone} } @inproceedings {2012, title = {Children{\textquoteright}s Adaptation in Multi-session Interaction with a Humanoid Robot}, booktitle = {2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication}, year = {2012}, note = {Download}, pages = {351{\textendash}357}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {This work presents preliminary observations from a study of children (N=19, age 5{\textendash}12) interacting in multiple sessions with a humanoid robot in a scenario involving game activities. The main purpose of the study was to see how their perception of the robot, their engagement, and their enjoyment of the robot as a companion evolve across multiple interactions, separated by one-two weeks. However, an interesting phenomenon was observed during the experiment: most of the children soon adapted to the behaviors of the robot, in terms of speech timing, speed and tone, verbal input formulation, nodding, gestures, etc. We describe the experimental setup and the system, and our observations and preliminary analysis results, which open interesting questions for further research.}, issn = {1944-9445}, doi = {10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343778}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6343778/}, author = {Nalin, Marco and Baroni, Ilaria and Kruijff-Korbayov{\'a}, Ivana and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Lewis, Matthew and Aryel Beck and Cuay{\'a}huitl, Heriberto and Alberto Sanna} } @article {2012, title = {Multimodal Child-Robot Interaction: Building Social Bonds}, journal = {Journal of Human-Robot Interaction}, volume = {1}, year = {2012}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, pages = {33{\textendash}53}, abstract = {For robots to interact effectively with human users they must be capable of coordinated, timely behavior in response to social context. The Adaptive Strategies for Sustainable Long-Term Social Interaction (ALIZ-E) project focuses on the design of long-term, adaptive social interaction between robots and child users in real-world settings. In this paper, we report on the iterative approach taken to scientific and technical developments toward this goal: advancing individual technical competencies and integrating them to form an autonomous robotic system for evaluation {\textquotedblleft}in the wild.{\textquotedblright} The first evaluation iterations have shown the potential of this methodology in terms of adaptation of the robot to the interactant and the resulting influences on engagement. This sets the foundation for an ongoing research program that seeks to develop technologies for social robot companions.}, doi = {10.5898/JHRI.1.2.Belpaeme}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3109688.3109691}, author = {Tony Belpaeme and Paul E. Baxter and Robin Read and Rachel Wood and Cuay{\'a}huitl, Heriberto and Kiefer, Bernd and Racioppa, Stefania and Kruijff-Korbayov{\'a}, Ivana and Athanasopoulos, Georgios and Valentin Enescu and Rosemarijn Looije and Mark A. Neerincx and Yiannis Demiris and Raquel Ros-Espinoza and Aryel Beck and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Lewis, Matthew and Baroni, Ilaria and Nalin, Marco and Cosi, Piero and Giulio Paci and Tesser, Fabio and Sommavilla, Giacomo and Remi Humbert} } @inproceedings {2011, title = {Grounding Synthetic Knowledge: An Epistemological Framework and Criteria of Relevance for the Scientific Exploration of Life, Affect and Social Cognition}, booktitle = {Advances In Artificial Life, ECAL 2011 (Proc. 11th European Conference on Artificial Life)}, year = {2011}, note = {Download (PDF)}, pages = {200{\textendash}207}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {Paris, France}, abstract = {In what ways can artificial life contribute to the scientific exploration of cognitive, affective and social processes? In what sense can synthetic models be relevant for the advancement of behavioral and cognitive sciences? This article addresses these questions by way of a case study {\textemdash} an interdisciplinary cooperation between developmental robotics and developmental psychology in the exploration of attachment bonds. Its main aim is to show how the synthetic study of cognition, as well as the synthetic study of life, can find in autopoietic cognitive biology more than a theory useful to inspire the synthetic modelling of the processes under inquiry. We argue that autopoiesis offers, not only to artificial life, but also to the behavioural and social sciences, an epistemological framework able to generate general criteria of relevance for synthetic models of living and cognitive processes. By {\textquotedblleft}criteria of relevance{\textquotedblright} we mean criteria (a) valuable for the three main branches of artificial life (soft, hard, and wet) and (b) useful for determining the significance of the models each branch produces for the scientific exploration of life and cognition. On the basis of these criteria and their application to the case study presented, this article defines a range of different ways that synthetic, and particularly autopoiesis-based models, can be relevant to the inquiries of biological, behavioural and cognitive sciences.}, isbn = {978-0-262-29714-1}, url = {https://mitpress-request.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/alife/0262297140chap33.pdf}, author = {Luisa Damiano and Antoine Hiolle and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Tom Lenaerts and Mario Giacobini and Hugues Bersini and Paul Bourgine and Marco Dorigo and Ren{\'e} Doursat} } @inproceedings {2011, title = {Long-Term Human-Robot Interaction with Young Users}, booktitle = {Proc. ACM/IEEE Human-Robot Interaction conference (HRI-2011) (Robots with Children Workshop)}, year = {2011}, note = {Downlaod}, address = {Lausanne, Switzerland}, abstract = {Artificial companion agents have the potential to combine novel means for effective health communication with young patients support and entertainment. However, the theory and practice of long-term child-robot interaction is currently an underdeveloped area of research. This paper introduces an approach that integrates multiple functional aspects necessary to implement temporally extended human-robot interaction in the setting of a paediatric ward. We present our methodology for the implementation of a companion robot which will be used to support young patients in hospital as they learn to manage a lifelong metabolic disorder (diabetes). The robot will interact with patients over an extended period of time. The necessary functional aspects are identified and introduced, and a review of the technical challenges involved is presented.}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228470784_Long-term_human-robot_interaction_with_young_users}, author = {Paul E. Baxter and Tony Belpaeme and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Cosi, Piero and Yiannis Demiris and Valentin Enescu and Antoine Hiolle and Kruijff-Korbayov{\'a}, Ivana and Rosemarijn Looije and Nalin, Marco and Mark A. Neerincx and Hichem Sahli and Giocomo Sommavilla and Tesser, Fabio and Rachel Wood} } @inproceedings {2010, title = {Emotion in Decisions of Life and Death {\textendash} Its Role in Brain-Body-Environment Interactions for Predator and Prey}, booktitle = {Artificial Life XII: Proc. of the 12th International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems}, year = {2010}, note = {Download (Open Access)}, month = {08/2010}, pages = {812{\textendash}822}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {Odense, Denmark}, abstract = {Taking inspiration from the biological world, in our work we are attempting to create and examine artificial predator-prey relationships using two LEGO robots. We do so to explore the possible adaptive value of emotion-like states for action selection in this context. However, we also aim to study and consider these concepts together at different levels of abstraction. For example, in terms of individual agents{\textquoteright} brain-body-environment interactions, as well as the (emergent) predator-prey relationships resulting from these. Here, we discuss some of the background concepts and motivations driving the design of our implementation and experiments. First, we explain why we think the predator-prey relationship is so interesting. Narrowing our focus to emotion-based architectures, this is followed by a review of existing literature, comparing different types and highlighting the novel aspects of our own. We conclude with our proposed contributions to the literature and thus, ultimately, the design and creation of artificial life.}, url = {https://mitpress-request.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/alife/0262290758chap141.pdf}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Bryne, Claire and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Harold Fellermann and Mark D{\"o}rr and Martin M Hanczy and Lone Ladegaard Laursen and Sarah Maurer and Daniel Merkle and Pierre-Alain Monnard and Kasper St{\o}y and Steen Rasmussen} } @inproceedings {2010, title = {Using the Interaction Rhythm as a Natural Reinforcement Signal for Social Robots: A Matter of Belief}, booktitle = {Proc. International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2010}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {6414}, year = {2010}, pages = {81{\textendash}89}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Singapore}, abstract = {In this paper, we present the results of a pilot study of a human robot interaction experiment where the rhythm of the interaction is used as a reinforcement signal to learn sensorimotor associations. The algorithm uses breaks and variations in the rhythm at which the human is producing actions. The concept is based on the hypothesis that a constant rhythm is an intrinsic property of a positive interaction whereas a break reflects a negative event. Subjects from various backgrounds interacted with a NAO robot where they had to teach the robot to mirror their actions by learning the correct sensorimotor associations. The results show that in order for the rhythm to be a useful reinforcement signal, the subjects have to be convinced that the robot is an agent with which they can act naturally, using their voice and facial expressions as cues to help it understand the correct behaviour to learn. When the subjects do behave naturally, the rhythm and its variations truly reflects how well the interaction is going and helps the robot learn efficiently. These results mean that non-expert users can interact naturally and fruitfully with an autonomous robot if the interaction is believed to be natural, without any technical knowledge of the cognitive capacities of the robot.}, isbn = {978-3-642-17247-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-17248-9_9}, author = {Antoine Hiolle and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Peirre Andry and Arnaud J Blanchard and Philippe Gaussier}, editor = {Shuzhi Sam Ge and Haizhou Li and John-John Cabibihan and Yeow Kee Tan} } @inproceedings {2008, title = {Towards a Hormone-Modulated Model for Emotion Expression in a Socially Interactive Robot Head}, booktitle = {Workshop "The role of Emotion in Adaptive Behavior and Cognitive Robotics" held in conjunction with 10th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (SAB 2008)}, year = {2008}, month = {07/2008}, address = {Osaka, Japan}, abstract = {In this paper we present a robot head ERWIN capable of human-robot interaction, endowed with interactive mechanisms for allowing the emotional state and expression of the robot to be directly influenced by the social interaction process. Allowing the interaction process to influence the expression of the robot head can in turn influence the way the user interacts with the robot, in addition to allowing the user to better understand the intentions of the robot during this process. We discuss some of the interactions that are possible with ERWIN and how this can affect the response of the system. We show an example scenario where the interaction process makes the robot go through several different emotions.}, url = {http://image.ece.ntua.gr/projects/feelix/system/files/Murray_SAB_final-1.pdf}, author = {John C Murray and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Robert Lowe and Morse, A and Ziemke, T} } @inproceedings {2007, title = {Developing Sensorimotor Associations Through Attachment Bonds}, booktitle = {Proc. 7th International Conference on Epigenetic Robotics (EpiRob 2007)}, series = {Lund University Cognitive Studies}, volume = {134}, year = {2007}, pages = {45{\textendash}52}, publisher = {Lund University}, organization = {Lund University}, address = {Piscataway, NJ, USA}, abstract = {Attachment bonds and positive affect help cognitive development and social interactions in infants and animals. In this paper we present a neural architecture to enable a robot to develop an attachment bond with a person or an object, and to discover the correct sensorimotor associations to maintain a desired affective state of well-being using a minimum amount of prior knowledge about the possible interactions with this object. We also discuss how our research on attachment bonds could further developmental robotics in the near future.}, isbn = {91-974741-8-5}, issn = {1101-8453}, url = {https://www.lucs.lu.se/LUCS/135/Hiolle.pdf}, author = {Antoine Hiolle and Lola Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Luc Berthouze and C G Prince and M Littman and Hideki Kozima and Christian Balkenius} } @inproceedings {2005, title = {The Degree of Potential Damage in Agonistic Contests and its Effects on Social Aggression, Territoriality and Display Evolution}, booktitle = {Proc. 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2005)}, year = {2005}, pages = {351{\textendash}358}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, isbn = {0-7803-9363-5}, author = {Robert Lowe and Nehaniv, Chrystopher L and Daniel Polani and Lola Ca{\~n}amero} } @inproceedings {2004, title = {The Evolution of Affect-Related Displays, Recognition and Related Strategies}, booktitle = {ALIFE IX: Proceeding of the 9th international conference on the simulation and synthesis of living systems}, year = {2004}, pages = {176{\textendash}181}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, abstract = {This paper presents an ecologically motivated, bottom-up approach to investigating the evolution of expression, perception and related behaviour of affective internal states that complements game-theoretic studies of the evolutionary success of animal display. Our results show that the perception of displays related to affect greatly influences both the types of display produced and also the survival prospects of agents. Relative to agents that do not perceive rival agent internal state, affect perceivers prosper if the initial environment in which they reside provides numerous opportunities for interaction with other agents and resources. Conversely, where the initial environment with sparse resources does not allow for regular interaction, ability to perceive affect is not as facilitatory to survival. Furthermore, the agents evolve particular display strategies distorting the expression of affect and greatly influencing the proportion of affect perceiving to nonaffect perceiving agents over evolutionary time.}, isbn = {9780262661836}, author = {Robert Lowe and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Nehaniv, Chrystopher L and Daniel Polani}, editor = {Jordan Pollack and Mark A Bedau and Phil Husbands and Takashi Ikegami and Richard A. Watson} } @article {2004, title = {Intelligenza artificiale in medicina: progetto di una piattaforma mobile inserita in un ambiente intelligente per l{\textquoteright}assistenza ai disabili e agli anziani}, journal = {Recenti Progressi in Medicina}, volume = {95}, year = {2004}, pages = {190{\textendash}195}, publisher = {Pensiero scientifico}, abstract = {Viene presentato un progetto basato sull{\textquoteright}integrazione di nuove tecnologie e di Intelligenza artificiale per sviluppare uno strumento {\textendash} e-tool {\textendash} indirizzato alle persone disabili ed agli anziani. Una piattaforma mobile inserita all{\textquoteright}interno di ambienti intelligenti (strutture di assistenza o abitazioni), controllata e gestita attraverso un{\textquoteright}architettura multilivello, viene proposta come supporto sia per i pazienti che per i caregiver al fine di aumentare l{\textquoteright}autonomia nella vita quotidiana. A project based on the integration of new technologies and artificial intelligence to develop a device {\textendash} e-tool {\textendash} for disabled patients and elderly people is presented. A mobile platform in intelligent environments (skilled-care facilities and home-care), controlled and managed by a multi-level architecture, is proposed to support patients and caregivers to increase self-dependency in activities of daily living.}, issn = {0034-1193}, doi = {10.1701/39.314}, author = {Cort{\'e}s, Ulises and Annicchiarico, Roberta and Campana, Fabio and V{\'a}zquez-Salceda, Javier and Urdiales, Cristina and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Maite L{\'o}pez and Miquel S{\`a}nchez-Marr{\`e} and Di Vincenzo, Sarah and Carlo Caltagirone} } @inproceedings {2004, title = {Strategies in the Evolution of Affect Related Displays and Recognition}, booktitle = {The Logic Of Artificial Life: Abstracting and Synthesizing the Principles of Living Systems; Proc. 6th German Workshop on Artificial Life 2004}, year = {2004}, publisher = {IOS Press}, organization = {IOS Press}, address = {Bamberg, Germany}, abstract = {A more realistic alternative to the game theoretic approach to measuring the behavioural success of animal display can be represented by affect related expression and perception The current paper investigates the ways in which agents can use evolved affect related displays to manipulate the behaviour of affect perceiving rival agents to their survival advantage. }, author = {Robert Lowe and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Nehaniv, Chrystopher L and Daniel Polani}, editor = {Harald Schaub and Frank Detje and Ulrike Br{\"u}ggermann} } @article {2003, title = {Assistive technologies for the disabled and for the new generation of senior citizens: The e-Tools architecture}, journal = {AI Communications}, volume = {16}, year = {2003}, pages = {193{\textendash}207}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, abstract = {In this paper we present our exploratory ideas about the integration of agent technology with other technologies to build specific e-tools for the disabled and for the new generation of senior citizens. "e-Tools" stands for Embedded Tools, as we aim to embed intelligent assistive devices in homes and other facilities, creating ambient intelligence environments to give support to patients and caregivers. In particular, we aim to explore the benefits of the concept of situated intelligence to build artefacts that will enhance the autonomy of the target user group in their daily life.}, issn = {0921-7126}, url = {http://content.iospress.com/articles/ai-communications/aic288}, author = {Cort{\'e}s, Ulises and Annicchiarico, Roberta and V{\'a}zquez-Salceda, Javier and Urdiales, Cristina and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Maite L{\'o}pez and Miquel S{\`a}nchez-Marr{\`e} and Carlo Caltagirone} } @inbook {2003, title = {e-Tools: The use of Assistive Technologies to enhance disabled and senior citizens{\textquoteright} autonomy}, booktitle = {e-Health: Application of Computing Science in Medicine and Health Care}, year = {2003}, pages = {119{\textendash}132}, publisher = {Instituto Polit{\'e}cnico National Press}, organization = {Instituto Polit{\'e}cnico National Press}, abstract = {In this paper we present our preliminary ideas about the integration of several technologies to build specific e-tools for the disabled and for the new generation of senior citizens. {\textquoteleft}e-Tools{\textquoteright} stands for Embedded Tools, as we aim to embed intelligent assistive devices in homes and other facilities, creating ambient intelligence environments to give support to patients and caregivers. In particular, we aim to explore the benefits of the concept of situated intelligence to build intelligent artefacts that will enhance the autonomy of the target group during their daily life. We present here a multi-level architecture and our preliminary research on navigation schemes for a robotic wheelchair.}, author = {Cort{\'e}s, Ulises and Annicchiarico, Roberta and V{\'a}zquez-Salceda, Javier and Urdiales, Cristina and Lola Ca{\~n}amero and Maite L{\'o}pez and Miquel S{\`a}nchez-Marr{\`e} and Carlo Caltagirone}, editor = {I Rudom{\'\i}n and J V{\'a}zquez-Salceda and J L D{\'\i}az de Le{\'o}n Santiago} } @inproceedings {1999, title = {Affect-Driven CBR to Generate Expressive Music}, booktitle = {Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Third International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR{\textquoteright}99}, series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {1650}, year = {1999}, pages = {1{\textendash}13}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, abstract = {We present an extension of an existing system, called SaxEx, capable of generating expressive musical performances based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) techniques. The previous version of SaxEx did not take into account the possibility of using affective labels to guide the CBR task. This paper discusses the introduction of such affective knowledge to improve the retrieval capabilities of the system. Three affective dimensions are considered{\textemdash}tender-aggressive, sad-joyful, and calm-restless that allow the user to declaratively instruct the system to perform according to any combination of five qualitative values along these three dimensions.}, isbn = {978-3-540-66237-2}, doi = {10.1007/3-540-48508-2_1}, author = {Josep Llu{\'\i}s Arcos and D Ca{\~n}amero and Ramon L{\'o}pez de M{\'a}ntaras}, editor = {Althoff, Klaus-Dieter and Bergmann, Ralph and L Karl Branting} } @inproceedings {1999, title = {Imitating Human Performances to Automatically Generate Expressive Jazz Ballads}, booktitle = {Proc. AISB{\textquoteright}99 Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts}, year = {1999}, pages = {115{\textendash}20}, publisher = {AISB}, organization = {AISB}, address = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, abstract = {One of the main problems with the automatic generation of expressive musical performances is to grasp the way in which human performers use musical knowledge that is not explicitly noted in musical scores. Moreover, this knowledge is tacit, difficult to verbalize, and therefore it must be acquired through a process of observation, imitation, and experimentation. For this reason, AI approaches based on declarative knowledge representations have serious limitations. An alternative approach is that of directly using the implicit knowledge that is in examples from recordings of human performances. In this paper, we describe a case-based reasoning system that generates expressive musical performances imitating examples of expressive human performances.}, author = {D Ca{\~n}amero and Josep Llu{\'\i}s Arcos and Ramon L{\'o}pez de M{\'a}ntaras} } @inbook {1999, title = {Situated Cognition: A Challenge to Artificial Intelligence?}, booktitle = {Learning Sites: Social and Technological Contexts for Learning}, year = {1999}, pages = {223{\textendash}235}, publisher = {Elsevier}, organization = {Elsevier}, chapter = {17}, isbn = {978-0080433509}, author = {D Ca{\~n}amero and Vincent Corruble}, editor = {Joan Bliss and Roger S{\"a}lj{\"o} and Paul Light} } @inbook {1999, title = {Situated Learning in Autonomous Agents}, booktitle = {Learning Sites: Social and Technological Contexts for Learning}, year = {1999}, pages = {236{\textendash}248}, publisher = {Elsevier}, organization = {Elsevier}, chapter = {18}, isbn = {978-0080433509}, author = {Bart de Boer and D Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {Joan Bliss and Roger S{\"a}lj{\"o} and Paul Light} } @inproceedings {1998, title = {Affect-Driven Generation of Expressive Musical Performances}, booktitle = {Emotional and Intelligent: The Tangled Knot of Cognition. Papers from the 1998 AAAI Fall Symposium}, year = {1998}, pages = {1{\textendash}6}, publisher = {AAAI Press}, organization = {AAAI Press}, author = {Josep Llu{\'\i}s Arcos and D Ca{\~n}amero and Ramon L{\'o}pez de M{\'a}ntaras} } @inproceedings {1997, title = {Modeling Motivations and Emotions as a Basis for Intelligent Behavior}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents{\textquoteright}97)}, year = {1997}, pages = {148{\textendash}155}, publisher = {The ACM Press}, organization = {The ACM Press}, address = {Marina del Rey, CA, USA}, isbn = {0-89791-877-0}, doi = {10.1145/267658.267688}, author = {D Ca{\~n}amero}, editor = {W Lewis Johnson} }